When people speak about artificial intelligence imagine robots with human form probably inspired in a science fiction film. Maybe in the future it will be like this, but for the moment artificial intelligence is much more simple. The AI is intelligence created artificially, but what do intelligence characterize?
Something with intelligence has to have mental attitudes such as beliefs and intentions, the capacity to have knowledge, this means, to learn. A machine with AI doesn’t have all the knowledge from the beginning, when it was created, it has to acquire it by the experience. This is one of the most important characteristics. It has to solve problems, even dividing a big problem in other simpler problems. It has to understand situations, in other words, to give sense to opposite ideas, if it is possible. A thing with AI has to draw up a plan for an assigned job, predict consequences and see alternatives. It has to know the limits of its abilities and knowledge. It has to distinguish between similar situations, it can’t give the same solution to a certain group of situations, it has to solve each one by individually, distinguishing them. It has to be original, creating new concepts and ideas, even using analogies. It has to perceive the external world and make a own impression of it. And it has to understand and use the language and symbols to communicate. If something has this characteristics, we can say that its something with intelligence.
So we can say that the AI has human characteristics like the learning, the adaptation, the reasoning, the correction of mistakes and the vision of the world under a point of view. Thanks of this we can use the AI in a lot of matters.
But nowadays, an thing with AI doesn’t have to have all this characteristics, only some of the most important, maybe in the future it will have strictly all the characteristics, but not yet. The most attractive idea speaking about AI is to thing about robots, and we will speak about it, but there are a lot of interesting applications of AI.
The current investigations are based in the service and business sectors. In the business sector AI is used to help the worker, as a tool. All of us use our computer everyday. In a company, for example, AI can be used to do the numbers, and it will be more efficient than if a group of human do it, so we can investigate to do more efficient programs for working better and faster. The interesting point is when the AI is used to take decisions on business, always under the human supervision. For example, in the Stock Exchange the AI is used to do predictions. It observes the data, compare, and take decisions. In a mixture between service sector and business some groups are investigating a program that make predictions in the Stock Exchange for small “brokers”. The idea appeared from a Spanish student, Rafael Rosillo, who created a program that helps the people to get into the Stock Exchange. Of course, people will not become rich with this, but it can be use as a tool to get into this world without so much of risk to lose a lot of money. Here we have an example of how a human can learn by the AI. The other branch of current research is going to the service sector. For example, Newstracker is a program that looks for specific information. You ask the program what you are looking for ant it looks in internet newspaper, article, magazines… and it edit for you a personal newspaper with all the information you was looking. Today there are a lot of this kind of programs with the Digital Terrestrial Television, all this programs look for an ideal program for you in each moment. Other market that is very usual for AI is the videogames. Videogames about war create the enemy who try to kill you with AI. It doesn’t know what movement you will do, depending of this it will realize an action or other one. In football videogames the footballer with AI simulate the real footballers, each one with a personality, and playing in a different way. Even the simplest game like chess have AI. The most of this games haven’t all the characteristics of the Intelligence, but anyway this is called AI, and the objective of the investigations is get closer to the definition of intelligence.
As we can see, AI is around us all the time in computers and digital machines. But we can put this AI inside a machine able to move and make works, then we will have a robot. A robot takes information of the environment and analyzes this data making an answer and doing an action. There are some kinds of robots. In a factory that makes cars the robots are working to construct the cars. But when we speak about robots and AI we are speaking about machines working not in a only way programmed, we can order a work and it will do in the best way possible and adapting itself to the situations. One of the main problems with the robots is the storage of information. A robot should be learning always but for this we need an infinite database. The current investigations of robots got imitate the human movement walking; recognize objects and not so much more. The future investigations are pointed to get better the recognition of the 3D space and to feel sensations like pressure or temperature. A research team of Tokyo University developed a flexible plastic that can be used in new robots like the skin. With this new advance a robot can make more sensible works like for example cooking.
We can avoid thinking in a robot with human form when we speak about AI (as we said at the beginning), but here you can see an example of a robot with the form of a dog. It is called Big Dog. It has many sensor that recognize the terrain and a very modern mechanism which let it move in all king of places.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cHJJQ0zNNOM
This robot is used to carry weight, for example with military purposes.
The investigations in the future are aimed to create robots that help the humans to make the work faster and better. We can thing that they can replace us, maybe it is possible that some kind of jobs are affected by the introduction of robots in the work space, but we are so far of the world in which the robot are working for humans. Anyway, if we are in a world like this it will be a good point because the investigations are following this way, and humans will work in other sectors that will have to increase, like the sector of the computational sciences.
References:
http://www.monografias.com/trabajos16/inteligencia-artificial/inteligencia-artificial.shtml
http://www.lne.es/gijon/2010/05/31/inteligencia-artificial-mejor-broker/922656.html
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