Those who design robots are trying to provide their own capacities of humans: to be autonomous, to adapt to their environment and learn.
With this goal arrives the evolutionary robotics, a new technology that attempts to relate the biology, cognitive sciences and artificial intelligence. The work of these scientists is to mimic the human learning process, trying to reach the same plasticity, the possibility that they can recognize environmental stimuli and adapt.
The robots are different from any other machine engineering, because his conduct, in part, is unpredictable.
The designs are more abstract than other machines and much more difficult, which can control up to the last screw. But the robotic technology is different, because they are complex systems that are developed using neural networks and genetic algorithms.
The computer scientist who works Argentine Ezequiel Di Paolo specializing in robotics and cognitive sciences, graduated from the Instituto Balseiro and researcher in Cognitive Science and Robotics at the University of Sussex in the UK, is developing models of biped robots, different Japanese robots as "Asimo", manufactured by Honda, which used a total control system. (These are a set of videos of Asimo)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q3C5sc8b3xM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9ByGQGiVMg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTlV0Y5yAww
Unlike the Japanese, British scientists proposal is to create robots that self-regulation and seek their own adaptive equilibrium.
This possibility can be distressing to many humans, but it is difficult for the autonomy of robots could become a threat to humans, because there is something in human beings may not be reproduced, that is the perception of ourselves, the inner, the awareness and the critical judgement.
Robots can not have emotions, they do not care what happens or can happen, do not grieve or rejoice at nothing, not interested human affairs.
In science fiction, the Three Laws of Robotics are a set of rules written by Isaac Asimov, which most robots of his novels and stories are designed to meet. In such a universe, the laws are "math formulas printed on the trails positronic brain" of the robots (what we now call ROM). First appeared in the story Runaround (1942), provides:
1. A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being suffers harm.
2. A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law
3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWJJnQybZlk
This wording of the laws is the conventional way in which the human stories set out, their real form would be an equivalent set of instructions and more complex in the brain of the three Laws robot. Asimov attributed to John W. Campbell, had written that during a conversation held on December 23, 1940. However, Campbell argues that Asimov had thought them already, and simply they expressed them in a more formal way. Las three laws appear on a large number of Asimov's stories, as they appear throughout the series of robots, as well as several related stories, and the series of novels featuring Lucky Starr. They have also been used by other authors when they have worked in Asimov's fictional universe, and frequent references to them in other works, both science fiction and other genres.
The three laws of robotics represent the moral code of the robot. A robot will always act under the imperatives of its three laws. For all intents and purposes, a robot behave as a morally correct. However, it is legitimate to ask: Is it possible that a robot violates any of the three laws? Can a robot "harm" to a human? The most of Asimov's robot stories were based on situations in which although the three laws, we may respond to the above questions with "yes."
The intention of scientists, therefore, is eventually to build a robot that looks more like an animal than a machine and you get to be autonomous.
Although the robots do not feel emotions, they can simulate and transform it into devices that can interact and perhaps fulfill a social function, for now, programmed and artificial.
The idea is to create robots that acquire a kind of criterion itself, and this is a real challenge. But the truth is that the man did not yet know himself completely, so that we may only be able to build a robot like that when we have more knowledge about ourselves.
Japan is the country with more investment in robotic technology, a country with a robot every 34 workers, and Singapore, South Korea and Germany are the countries that continue to Japan in robot density.
According to figures from the Institute of Electrical and electronic engineering in 2008, had a million robots in the world.
United States, researchers at Cornell University, constructed a machine with the ability to make copies of itself.
In England, scientists from the Universities of Aberystwyth and Cambridge, have developed a computer system capable of proposing hypotheses, devise and conduct experiments, understand the results and make new scientific research without any human involvement.
"Adam" is the first of a series of robots in the country, dedicated to medical research and is already building a "Eva", another robot of the same series to be devoted to discover drugs to combat diseases like malaria and schistosomiasis. (This is a video about Adam)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IY1sPV9e9H0
The robot approaches it can not be stopped. Will they be our allies or will they be like us, conquer, and then move to destroy us?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGoi1MSGu64
References:
http://www.cogs.susx.ac.uk/users/ezequiel/ (web page of Ezequiel di Paolo, expert in robotic)
http://www.asimovlaws.com/articles/archives/2004/07/3_laws_dont_qui.html (article about the three laws of robotic)
http://asimo.honda.com/ (information about Asimo)
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